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ByDavidA.Lieband Holbrook Mohr Associated Press FERGUSON, MO. The word spread within minutes of Michael Brown's death — a young black man with his hands raised in surren- der had just been shot by a white cop. Soon, "Hands Up. Don't Shoot!" became a rally- ing cry for protesters in the streets of this St. Louis suburb and a symbol na- tionwide of racial inequal- ity for those who believe that minorities are too of- ten the targets of overzeal- ous police. Yet the witness accounts contained in thousands of pages of grand jury docu- ments reviewed by The As- sociated Press show many variations about whether Brown's hands were actu- ally raised — and if so, how high. To some, it doesn't mat- ters whether Brown's hands literally were raised, be- cause his death has come to symbolize a much big- ger movement. "He wasn't shot because of the placement of his hands; he was shot because he was a big, black, scary man," said James Cox, 28, a food server who protested this week in Oakland, Cal- ifornia. Some witnesses said the 18-year-old had his hands held high toward the sky as Ferguson Police Offi- cer Darren Wilson gunned him down midday Aug. 9. Others thought they saw his hands partially raised, about shoulder high. To some witnesses, his palms appeared out, as if surren- dering. To others, his palms seemed open, as if glancing at his wounded hand or ges- turing with an attitude of "what are you going to do about it." Some said Brown's hands weren't raised at all. The truth may never be certain. Despite a three- month state grand jury in- vestigation and an ongoing federal probe, no one has publicly disclosed any pho- tos or videos capturing ex- actly what transpired. After a Missouri prose- cutor announced Monday night that the grand jury had decided not to indict Wilson, the symbolic chant of "Hands Up. Don't Shoot!" rang out from protesters from Los Angeles to New York to London. In Ferguson, some pro- testers have been wearing shirts with the phrase as they demonstrate outside the police station. Protester Taylor Gru- enloh, a 32-year-old white man from nearby Floris- sant, said that while he be- lieves there's truth to claims that Brown had his hands raised when shot, the lack of proof makes little dif- ference to protesters who have found it to be a unify- ing force. "Even if you don't find that it's true, it's a valid ral- lying cry," he said. "It's just a metaphor." Brown had been walking with a friend down the cen- ter of Canfield Drive when Wilson, passing in his pa- trol vehicle, told them to move to the sidewalk. They did not. Wilson tes- tified that he then realized Brown was a robbery sus- pect. A scuffle broke out at the vehicle. Wilson fired a shot that hit Brown in the right hand. When Brown ran, Wilson gave chase. At some point, Brown stopped and turned toward Wilson, who opened fire. Wilson told the grand jury that Brown had his left hand in a fist at his side and his right hand under his shirt at his waist, and was charging toward him. The phrase "hands up" is peppered throughout the grand jury documents, as prosecutors and investiga- tors tried to clarify exactly what witnesses saw. In quite a few cases, it's unclear ex- actly what the witnesses say they saw, because the ges- tures they made for grand jurors weren't described in the transcripts. Some of the witness ac- counts of the shooting dif- fered so much they didn't seem like the same scene. "I saw him in the middle of the street on his knees with hands up," one witness said. "(The) officer came up to him and shot him in his head and he fell." Another witness was in- sistent that Brown was on his feet and did not raise his hands. "The officer was al- ready in pursuit of him. He stopped. He did turn, he did some sort of body gesture, I'm not sure what it was, but I know it was a body gesture," the witness said. "And I could say for sure he never put his hands up af- ter he did his body gesture, he ran towards the officer full charge." In some regards, the dis- puted circumstances of Brown's death highlight the inherent troubles with eye- witness testimony. "It's difficult for people under the best of circum- stances to accurately re- port what happened," said Elizabeth Brondolo, a psy- chology professor specializ- ing in the effects of race on mental and physical health at St. John's University in New York. For Wilson and others at the shooting scene, what they say they saw may de- pend not just on their van- tage point, but also their view of life, she said. "The truth always really matters, but it's important to recognize that past expe- rience to stereotypes also influences the perception of hands being raised," Bron- dolo said. After the Ferguson grand jury announcement, sev- eral hundred protesters marched through central London with their hands raised, shouting "Hands Up. Don't Shoot!" Others carried hand-made ban- ners saying "Black lives matter." The Brown shoot- ing has particular reso- nance in London, which was rocked by days of riot- ing following the 2011 death of Mark Duggan, a young black man shot to death by police under disputed cir- cumstances. FERGUSON For some, location of Brown's hands irrelevant DAMIANDOVARGANES—THEASSOCIATEDPRESS Protesters kneel down with their hands up in front of Los Angeles police officers in downtown Los Angeles on Wednesday. By Ryan Lucas Associated Press BEIRUT The Islamic State group is employing multiple tactics to subdue the Sunni Muslim tribes in Syria and Iraq under its rule, wooing some with gifts — every- thing from cars to feed for their animals — while bru- tally suppressing those that resist with mass killings. The result is that the ex- tremists face little immedi- ate threat of an uprising by the tribes, which are tra- ditionally the most power- ful social institution in the large areas of eastern Syria and northern and west- ern Iraq controlled by the group. Any U.S. drive to try to turn tribesmen against the militants, as the Amer- icans did with Sunnis dur- ing the Iraq war, faces an uphill battle. Some tribes in Syria and Iraq already oppose the Is- lamic State group. For ex- ample, the Shammar tribe, which spans the countries' border, has fought along- side Kurdish forces against the extremists in Iraq. The U.S. and Iraqi governments have proposed creating a national guard program that would arm and pay tribesmen to fight, though the effort has yet to get off the ground. But in Syria in particu- lar, tribes have no outside patron to bankroll or arm them to take on IS, leav- ing them with few options other than to bend to Is- lamic State domination or flee. "There are people who want to go back and fight them," said Hassan Hassan, an analyst with the Delma Institute in Abu Dhabi. "But the circumstances now mean that you can't provoke ISIS because the strategy they've followed and tac- tics are to prevent any re- volt from inside." The rulers of the self- styled caliphate have mas- tered techniques of divide and rule. Tribes are pow- erful institutions that com- mand the loyalty of their members across the largely desert regions of Syria and Iraq. But they are also far from cohesive. Large tribes are divided up into smaller sub-tribes and clans that can be pitted against each other. Such divisions also emerge on their own, often in connection to control over local resources like oil wells or land. Also, the Islamic State group itself has roots in the tribes. Though hundreds of foreign fighters have flocked to join the group, most of its leaders and foot soldiers are Iraqis and Syr- ians — and often belong to tribes. In eastern Syria's Deir el-Zour province, for exam- ple, the Ogeidat is one of the largest tribes. One of its ma- jor clans, the Bu Jamel, has been a staunch opponent of the extremists. Another, the Bakir, long ago allied itself to the group. IS operatives use threats or offers of money or fuel to win public pledges of loyalty from senior tribal sheikhs. The group has also wooed younger tribes- men with economic entice- ments and promises of posi- tions within IS, undermin- ing the traditional power structure of the tribe. "They offer many sweet- eners," said Abu Ali al-Badie, a tribal leader from the cen- tral city of Palmyra in Syria's Homs province. "They go to the tribes and say, 'Why are you fighting against Mus- lims? We'll give you weap- ons and cars and guns, and we'll fight together.'" "They offer diesel and fuel. They bring barley and animal feed from Iraq," he said. "They build wells at their own expense for the tribes and they say, 'Others have neglected your needs.'" In Syria, IS has won the acceptance of many tribes- men in Raqqa and Deir el- Zour provinces by ending chaos that reigned when the areas were controlled by a patchwork of rebel war- lords. IS provides services including electricity, fuel, water and telephone lines, as well as flour for baker- ies, said Haian Dukhan, a researcher at the Univer- sity of St. Andrews Center for Syrian Studies. "Things have started to become stable to a degree, and this is something that people were really desper- ate about," said Dukhan. The group has "tribal af- fairs" officials to handle re- lations with the tribes, cal- ibrating its style to local dynamics. Often they will allow loyal tribesmen to run their communities' ser- vices, said Hassan. The group also has re- moved its own command- ers who caused tension with tribes in their areas. The idea, Hassan said, is "to remove some of the toxins." At the same time, the group sends a clear message to those who resist. In August, IS militants shot and beheaded hun- dreds of members of the Shueitat tribe in eastern Syria. Activists reported death tolls ranging from 200 to 700. Photographs in the Islamic State's English- language "Dabiq" magazine showed black-clad fighters shooting prisoners said to be Shueitat, lined up on the sandy ground. In Iraq, IS killed more than 200 men, women and children from the Al Bu Nimr tribe in Anbar prov- ince, apparently in revenge for the tribe's siding with se- curity forces and, in the past, with American troops. It has also shot dead several men from the Al Bu Fahd tribe. "Everyone is hiding or fled. They will chop us in pieces if they see us," said Sheikh Naim al-Gaoud, a leader in the Al Bu Nimr. "They want us to support them and to join their fight. In return, they say they will let us live in peace." TERROR GROUP With incentives and brute force, Islamic State subdues tribes RAQQA MEDIA CENTER OF THE ISLAMIC STATE GROUP — THE ASSOCIATED PRESS FILE Fighters from the extremist Islamic State group parade in Raqqa, Syria, in this file photo. LEGALNOTICE NOTICE OF TRUSTEE'S SALE TS No. CA-14-613258-BF Order No.: 140037008-CA-API YOU ARE IN DEFAULT UNDER A DEED OF TRUST DATED 5/2/2005. UNLESS YOU TAKE ACTION TO PROTECT YOUR PROPERTY, IT MAY BE SOLD AT A PUBLIC SALE. IF YOU NEED AN EXPLANATION OF THE NATURE OF THE PROCEEDING AGAINST YOU, YOU SHOULD CONTACT A LAWYER. A public auction sale to the highest bid- der for cash, cashier's check drawn on a state or national bank, check drawn by state or federal credit union, or a check drawn by a state or federal sav- ings and loan association, or savings association, or savings bank specified in Section 5102 to the Financial Code and author- ized to do business in this state, will be held by duly appointed trustee. The sale will be made, but without covenant or warran- ty, expressed or implied, regard- ing title, possession, or encum- brances, to pay the remaining principal sum of the note(s) se- cured by the Deed of Trust, with interest and late charges there- on, as provided in the note(s), advances, under the terms of the Deed of Trust, interest there- on, fees, charges and expenses of the Trustee for the total (at the time of the initial amount (at the time of the initial publication of the Notice of Sale) reasonably estimated to be set forth below. The amount may be greater on the day of sale. BENE- FICIARY MAY ELECT TO BID LESS THAN THE TOTAL AMOUNT DUE. Trustor(s): FREDFRICK C. SCHULKE AND CHRISTINE L. SCHULKE, HUSBAND AND WIFE Recorded: 5/10/2005 as Instru- ment No. 010200 in Book 2702 Page 335 of Official Records in the office of the Recorder of TEHAMA County, California; Date of Sale: 12/29/2014 at 1:00 PM Place of Sale: At the Main Entrance to the Tehama County Superior Court, 633 Washington St., Red Bluff, CA 96080 Amount of unpaid balance and other charges: $229,125.18 The pur- ported property address is: 14352 MCCOY ROAD, RED BLUFF, CA 96080 Assessor's Parcel No.: 022-530-10 NOTICE TO POTEN- TIAL BIDDERS: If you are consid- ering bidding on this property lien, you should understand that there are risks involved in bid- ding at a trustee auction. You will be bidding on a lien, not on the property itself. Placing the highest bid at a trustee auction does not automatically entitle you to free and clear ownership of the property. You should also be aware that the lien being auctioned off be junior being auctioned off may be a junior lien. If you are the highest bid- der at the auction, you are or may be responsible for paying off all liens senior to the lien be- ing auctioned off, before you can receive clear title to the property. You are encouraged to investigate the existence, priori- ty, and size of outstanding liens that may exist on this property by contacting the county re- corder's office or a title insur- ance company, either of which may charge you a fee for this in- formation. If you consult either of these resources, you should be aware that the same lender may hold more than one mort- gage or deed of trust on the property. NOTICE TO PROPERTY OWNER: The sale date shown on this notice of sale may be post- poned one or more times by the mortgagee, beneficiary, trustee, or a court, pursuant to Section 2924g of the California Civil Code. The law requires that in- formation about trustee sale postponements be made availa- ble to you and to the public, as a courtesy to those not present at the sale. If you wish to learn whether your sale date has been postponed, and, if applicable, the rescheduled time and date for the sale of this property, you may call 800-280-2832 for infor- mation regarding the may mation regarding the trustee's sale or visit this Internet Web site http://www.qualityloan.co m , using the file number as- signed to this foreclosure by the Trustee: CA-14-613258-BF . Infor- mation about postponements that are very short in duration or that occur close in time to the scheduled sale may not immedi- ately be reflected in the tele- phone information or on the In- ternet Web site. The best way to verify postponement informa- tion is to attend the scheduled sale. The undersigned Trustee disclaims any liability for any in- correctness of the property ad- dress or other common designa- tion, if any, shown herein. If no street address or other common designation is shown, directions to the location of the property may be obtained by sending a written request to the beneficia- ry within 10 days of the date of first publication of this Notice of Sale. If the Trustee is unable to convey title for any reason, the successful bidder's sole and ex- clusive remedy shall be the re- turn of monies paid to the Trust- ee, and the successful bidder shall have no further recourse. If the sale is set aside for any rea- son, the Purchaser at the sale shall be entitled only to a return of the deposit paid. The Pur- chaser shall have further deposit paid. chaser shall have no further re- course against the Mortgagor, the Mortgagee, or the Mortgagee's Attorney. If you have previously been dis- charged through bankruptcy, you may have been released of personal liability for this loan in which case this letter is intend- ed to exercise the note holders right's against the real property only. As required by law, you are hereby notified that a negative credit report reflecting on your credit record may be submitted to a credit report agency if you fail to fulfill the terms of your credit obligations. QUALITY MAY BE CONSIDERED A DEBT COLLEC- TOR ATTEMPTING TO COLLECT A DEBT AND ANY INFORMATION OBTAINED WILL BE USED FOR THAT PURPOSE. Date: Quality Loan Service Corporation 411 Ivy Street San Diego, CA 92101 619- 645-7711 For NON SALE informa- tion only Sale Line: 800-280-2832 Or Login to: http://www.qualityl oan.com Reinstatement Line: (866) 645-7711 Ext 5318 Quality Loan Service Corp. TS No.: CA- 14-613258-BF IDSPub #0074082 Publish: 11/28/2014 12/5/2014 12/12/2014 i}> ÌVià i}> ÌVià i}> ÌVià i}> ÌVià i}> ÌVià i}> ÌVià i}> ÌVià i}> ÌVià i}> ÌVià i}> ÌVià | NEWS | REDBLUFFDAILYNEWS.COM FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 28, 2014 8 B