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Sometimessculptureis created of a famous per- son. At times, it is cre- ated as a statement of overwhelming power and wealth, like at the Schon- brunn Palace in Vienna. Sometimes it is created and people of all nations know what it symbolizes. Such is a work that is a memorial to 'victims of war and dictatorship' by Kathe Kollwitz-Schmidt. Kollwitz may have es- caped being executed by the Nazis because she was so well known interna- tionally by 1933. She re- fused to produce art for Nazis propaganda. The Kollwitz sculp- ture is called Mother with Her Dead Son. It stands alone and in the cen- ter in a rather small, one room building right off the street. The only light and air entering the space is from a round opening in the ceiling. It is always open. As I view that open- ing, I can imagine being there when it is snowing and very cold. I pause for too few min- utes, trying to grasp its meaning and remember- ing the fact that the pop- ulations of the world suf- fered tens of millions of deaths during World War II. It was not only sons who died but daughters, fathers and mothers, etc. There was so much suf- fering, we cannot today imagine what occurred. Yet, this statue has an ef- fect on me as I realize the suffering occurring today in the world. Another significant place nearby is Humboldt University, founded in 1809, now known as the University of Berlin. Before World War II it was one of the most famous universi- ties in the world, renowned for its curriculum, its im- partial and non-dogmatic spirit of intellectual in- quiry, specialized research institutes and basic tech- niques of laboratory exper- imentation. Famous pro- fessors included Hegel, Fichte, Schopenhauer, von Ranke, Mommsen, B. G. Niebuhr, von Helmholtz, Schleiermacher and many more. I thought briefly how the world might have been much different if Hegel and Marx had not proposed their solutions to the societies of Europe and the world and the peculiar interpretation Lenin gave these ideas in the U.S.S.R. Hitler hated the Commu- nists in Germany and in Russia and they became his enemy. It is ironic that during the German Demo- cratic Republic (East Ger- many) it moved to a Marx- ist-Leninist orientation because it was in East Ger- many. This article will be con- tinued in Saturday's edi- tion. Aboutthecontributor: Leonard (Len) Stohler is a historian by degree. He taught in the local schools from 1969-1995. He served on the Red Bluff Union School Board for 16 years. On a Danube River cruise late October last year he had to return due to the illness of his traveling companion after seeing only Budapest, Bratislava and Vienna for one day each. He wanted to return "closer to the ground" and so returned on an independent trip to the cities of Budapest, Vienna, Prague and Berlin from September 7-22. He walked in these cities and rode public transportation, enjoying some of the many attractions and historic sites and talking to a few of the citizens. Berlin FROMPAGE6 I thought briefly how the world might have been much different if Hegel and Marx had not proposed their solutions to the societies of Europe and the world and the peculiar interpretation Lenin gave these ideas in the U.S.S.R. By Don Thompson The Associated Press SACRAMENTO California awarded $500 million on Thursday to 15 counties to pay for new classrooms, mental health facilities and other projects intended to help rehabilitate prisoners. The Board of State and Community Corrections ap- proved the projects despite concerns over one county's plan to contribute match- ing funding that comes from inmate welfare funds. It encouraged Butte County to avoid using money from a fee on inmate phone calls and commissary items. "I think it's fairly egre- gious that the inmate wel- fare fund, which is very overpriced phone calls and hygiene items ... would be used to fund the jail," said board member Scott Bud- nick, who was executive producer of "The Hang- over" comedy movies and founded the nonprofit Anti- Recidivism Coalition. Butte County plans to use $650,000 from the fund to help pay its 10 percent match for the $40 million it will get from the state. County representatives said in their application that the money would be used for space for programs to im- prove inmates' life skills and reduce recidivism. "Accordingly, these funds are legally available and lawful for this use," the ap- plication said. Steven Meinrath, an ad- vocate with the ACLU of California's Center for Ad- vocacy and Policy, said that using inmate welfare money to help pay for a jail "is just adding insult to in- jury" and may be illegal. The board acted after more than three dozen critics spent more than an hour objecting that Cali- fornia should not be spend- ing any more money on jails amid a national move- ment to reduce mass incar- ceration. They briefly disrupted the hearing after the vote with whistles and noise- makers, chanting, "We need health care, not more jails." State lawmakers ap- proved the money before voters lowered penalties last year for some drug and property crimes, a move that quickly reduced the state's overall jail popula- tion by 9,000 inmates, at least in the short term. However, counties need the money to provide the kind of rehabilitation pro- grams that voters sought when they approved Prop- osition 47, including those dealing with mental illness, substance abuse, jobs and education, said Cory Sal- zillo, a spokesman for the California State Sheriffs' Association. Some of the projects are designed to create space for long-term felons who filtered down to jails after California began excluding less-serious offenders from state prisons four years ago, he said. Sheriffs are "twisting ... and perverting" voters' in- terest in providing treat- ment for inmates as justi- fication for expanding the system, opponent Lizzie Bu- chen said at a protest before the meeting began. She is a coordinator with Califor- nians United for a Respon- sible Budget, a statewide coalition of more than 70 organizations opposed to prison and jail expansion. Most counties are seek- ing the funds to create more classrooms and treat- ment space, as lawmak- ers intended when they ap- proved the money, rather than to increase the num- ber of jail cells as opponents had feared, said the ACLU's Meinrath. CRIMINAL JUSTICE California awards $500 million for rehab programs in jails Alloffersforalimitedtime.Notallbuyerswillqualifyforindividualprograms.SeeRedBluffChrysler/Jeep/Dodge/Ramforcompletedetailsandvehiclequalificationsforallcurrentlyrunningprograms.0%and1.9%APRfinancingarenot applicable on these new selected models. All rebates in lieu of special APRs offered by Chrysler. All prices plus government fees and taxes, any finance charge, any dealer document, preparation charge, and any emission charge. Subject to prior sales & credit approval. Some vehicle images in this ad are for illustration purposes only and may vary from actual vehicle. Ad expires 11/14/15. BENNYBROWN'S REDBLUFF ISN'TPLAYING! 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